Walter Reed MS Medieval Studies - Recently Updated Pages

Baker

ghhgf — Mon, 21 Mar 2011 19:37:29 CDT

Role Description____________________________________

In the early Middle Ages a baker provided what was considered the most basic of foods - bread. It was the staple food of the period. If a young man wanted to become a baker, he had to serve an apprenticeship of seven years. Bakers were located either in the town or the castle. The trade was strictly regulated and many laws concerning bakers were in force. Most of these laws provided penalties for insufficient bread for the community or a poor quality product. Bakers made and sold bread of different varieties. The penalty for cheating a customer ,by giving the customer less bread than he/ she ordered, is very harsh.

Keywords______________________________________________________

bread	baking	wheat
gastronomy	food	flour
grain

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Encyclopaedia Britannica	Encyclopedias	REF 031 ENC	v.19 p.359-360
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.2 p. 364; v.5 p.121
Life in a Medieval City	Daily Life	914.4 GIE	p. 49
Chaucer's England	Daily Life	942.03 CHI	p. 85
The Medieval Cookbook	Culture & Society	641.5942 BLA	p. 37 and throughout

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
Medieval Occupations

Medieval Bread

Bakers' Guilds in the Middle Ages

Bread FAQ

History of Bread

Brewer

mbobrosky — Wed, 25 Mar 2009 14:24:27 CDT

Role Description____________________________________
In the Middle Ages you could not drink the water because it would make you sick. People drank fermented beverages (even children) because the alcohol created in the process killed bacteria. Brewers were members of a guild. Men (brewers) brewed beer, but by the late middle ages, were replaced by women (brewsters) who brewed ale.

Keywords______________________________________________________

beer	ferment	beverage
mead	hops	brewster
ale	drink

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.7, p.276-279
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
Medieval England	Reference	REF 942 MED	p. 395
Medieval Life	Daily Life	940.1 Lan	p. 28
World Book	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 WOR	v.11, p.348

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
The Medieval Knight Knights and Armor Arms and Armor in the Late Middle Ages

Archer

pceteach — Mon, 14 Apr 2008 23:07:20 CDT

Role Description____________________________________

Medieval Archers and foot soldiers were peasants. They wore ordinary clothes which were reinforced with leather patches, strips of metal or quilted cloth. The bow and arrow was a good weapon to shoot from a distance but as the battle drew closer the archers would enter the fray with any weapons they could muster. A dagger at best, a farm implement or home made weapon at worst.

Keywords______________________________________________________

knight	military	bow and arrow	armor	warfare
battle	archery	cavalry	longbow	crossbow
army	fletcher		crusades

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.7, p.276-279
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
Medieval England	Reference	REF 942 MED	p. 395
Medieval Life	Daily Life	940.1 Lan	p. 28
World Book	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 WOR	v.11, p.348

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
Medieval Archers

The Common Soldier

Medieval Bow and Arrow

Longbows, Arrows and the Origin of Fletchers

Apothecary/Herbalist

mbobrosky — Wed, 09 Apr 2008 12:15:14 CDT

Role Description____________________________________

The Apothecary was the medieval town's equivalent of the pharmacist. He or she prepared herbs and medicines for the people and prescribed them as well. The Apothecary requires skills in diagnosing sicknesses and identifying and cultivating the herbs with which the cordials and unguents are made. They must also have the skills needed to manufacture such potions and poultices. Some reading and writing skills to keep records of the recipes are necessary as are bargaining skills as the Apothecary is usually a master with his own shop.

Keywords______________________________________________________

herbalist	herbalism	pharmacology
medicine	pharmacist
Pharmacy	herbs

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.6, p.180-184
Death and Disease	Society and Culture	610 WOO	p.10-13
You Wouldn't want to be Sick in the 16th Century	Society and Culture	610 SEN	p. 22
Health and Medicine	Society and Culture	940.1 PIR	p. 22-23
The Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 MID	v. 2, p. 208
Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 MED	v. 6, p.63

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:

Apothecary

Medieval Herbs

Medieval Alchemy and Herbalist Symbols

Alchemist

mbobrosky — Wed, 09 Apr 2008 11:05:32 CDT

Role Description____________________________________
Alchemists in the Middle Ages practiced an art which was a mixture of science, philosophy and mysticism. They are most often known for their supposition that common elments could be changed or "transmuted" to gold or silver. Although feared by the church and commoners because of their secrecy, they contributed to science by identifying elements, creating new compounds and the development of laboratory devices and procedures.

There is an excellent fiction book, The Book Without Words by Avi, that will give you some insight into the world of Medieval alchemy.

Keywords______________________________________________________

alchemy	transmutation	laboratory
sublimation	mysticism
occultism	chemistry

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.6, p.180-182 v.8, p. 247-254
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
The Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 MED	v.1, p.14
Encyclopaedia Britannica	Encyclopedias	REF 031 ENC	v.1, p.22
World Book 2007	Encyclopedia Case	REF 031 WOR	v.1, p.334

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
Alchemy in the Middle Ages Medieval Alchemy

Medieval Alchemy and Herbalist Symbols

Blacksmith

mbobrosky — Tue, 08 Apr 2008 17:31:50 CDT

Role Description____________________________________

In the early Middle Ages, the blacksmith created objects from iron and, later, steel by using tools to hammer, bend, cut, and shape the forms. Smiths made many objects out of iron including swords, cooking utensils, horseshoes and armor.

Keywords______________________________________________________

blacksmith	forging	tongs	armor
anvil	files/rasps	iron	furnace
hammers	chisels	steel

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.7, p.276-279
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
Medieval England	Reference	REF 942 MED	p. 395
Medieval Life	Daily Life	940.1 Lan	p. 28
World Book	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 WOR	v.11, p.348

Home

mbobrosky — Tue, 08 Apr 2008 12:56:12 CDT

Welcome to the Reed Library's Wiki for Medieval Studies

The purpose of this site is to assist students in locating information sources for their Medieval studies. Each student is a member of a group that has been assigned a role (knight, blacksmith, brewer, etc.) and a town in which they live. You will need to do the following for your report:

Describe the town in which you live
Describe your family
Describe your home and your daily life
Describe your role

Describe your role telling what you do
Describe the training or eduaction needed for your role
Describe the tools, materials or anything else you might use in your role

The Navigation menu will lead you to information for your town and town life, what life was like for most people, and then individual pages for each medieval role. These pages will provide you with:

A job description
Keywords to assist you in finding information both on the web and in print indexes
A guide to the print resources available in the Walter Reed Middle School Library
Links to web resources

Back to Walter Reed Middle School Library

Cook

pceteach — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 21:27:35 CST

Role Description____________________________________

In the castle kitchen, the cook and his staff prepared elaborate meals for the nobles and their guests. Various types of meat were prepared as well as fish such as flounder and trout. Vegetables inclued peas and beans and imported luxury foods like sugar, rice, and oranges.

Keywords______________________________________________________

kitchen	food preparation	festivals	feasts	food
food and drink	nutrition	turnspit	cooking utensils	cooking
cookhouse

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.3, p.583
Medieval Feasts and Banquets		394.1 BHO	p. 26
Food and Feasts in the Middle Ages		394.1 ELL	p. 20
Chaucer's England		942.03 CHI	p. 86-89
Medieval Days and Ways		940.1 HAR	p. 41
Daily Life in Chaucer's England		942.03 SIN	p. 168
Life on a Medieval Barony		940.1 DAV	p. 113
Life in a Medieval Castle		940.1 BLA	p. 69

Winemaker

pceteach — Fri, 22 Feb 2008 21:14:35 CST

Role Description____________________________________

Wine makers lived on the manor or, if producing wine for the church, in the monastery. Wine was produced in warmer climates. England imported most of its wine from France. The Benedictines was a religious order with monasteries that improved and perfected the process. The growing, harvesting, and processing of wine was often handled by the wine maker.

Keywords______________________________________________________

wine	fermentation	vintner	beverage	wine making
barrels	viticulture	drink	vineyard	food and drink
libation

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	v.12, p.648
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	v.2, p. 754
The Middle Ages	Reference	v. 2 p. 109

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
New York Carver
Wikipedia
The Meadery
Wine, Ale, and Other Drinks

Candle and Soap Maker

mbobrosky — Thu, 21 Feb 2008 15:12:42 CST

Role Description____________________________________

Chandlery is the science dealing with the craft of candle making which was handled by a medieval chandler. The chandler often make soap as well because their production both required a product called tallow, which comes from animal fat.

Keywords______________________________________________________

chandlery	wick	lighting devices	chandler
tallow	candle	personal hygeine	soap
beeswax	Candlemas	candlesticks	lye

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
The Book of Candles	Culture and Society	747 INN
Pratical Encyclopedia of Crafts	Culture and Society	745.5 DIV	p. 328
Ground Breaking Scientific Experiments	Culture and Society	509.4 KNE	p. 229
Daily Life in Chaucer's England	Daily Life	942.03 SIN	p. 84
Encyclopedia Britannica	Left back case	REF o31 ENC	v. 21, p.353

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
Candle Making History Medieval Candle Making
Medieval Candle Making
Soap Making
Soap Making - General Instructions
Soap Recipes

Jester

pceteach — Mon, 18 Feb 2008 21:26:15 CST

Role Description____________________________________

Jesters, also known as fools, tricksters, or clowns were both actors and entertainers for the royal court or any member of the nobility that could afford them. The jester was one of the few people that could speak freely in the royal court, using humor to mock, jibe, or joke.

Keywords______________________________________________________

clown	trickster	fool	ioculator	court jester
harlequin	entertainment	court fool	comic entertainment

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 MED	v.9, p. 66
Encyclopedia Britannica (topic listed under "fool")	Back left case	REF 031 ENC	v.4, p. 870
The Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 MID	v. 3, p. 143, 161, 162-164
Arts and Literature in the Middle Ages	Back right case	700.9 CEL	p. 26-28

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
Medieval European Jesters and Fools
Fooling Around the World: The History of the Jester
Foolish Fashion
Myth Busting
History of the Fool
Court Jesters

Stained Glass Maker

mbobrosky — Tue, 15 Jan 2008 22:48:20 CST

Role Description____________________________________

In the early Middle Ages the term knight designated a professional fighting man in the feudal system. Some were as poor as the peasant class. However, over time, knights became more prominent, they became wealthier and began to hold and inherit land. Knights are known for the armor they wore, the weapons they used and colorful tournaments they participated in.

Keywords______________________________________________________

knight	military	nobility	armor	warfare
chavalier	tournament	chivalry	knight training	knighthood
army	joust	heraldry	crusades	knight service

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.7, p.276-279
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
Medieval England	Reference	REF 942 MED	p. 395
Medieval Life	Daily Life	940.1 Lan	p. 28
World Book	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 WOR	v.11, p.348

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
The Medieval Knight Knights and Armor Arms and Armor in the Late Middle Ages

Musician

mbobrosky — Tue, 15 Jan 2008 22:43:56 CST

knight	military	nobility	armor	warfare
chavalier	tournament	chivalry	knight training	knighthood
army	joust	heraldry	crusades	knight service

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.7, p.276-279
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
Medieval England	Reference	REF 942 MED	p. 395
Medieval Life	Daily Life	940.1 Lan	p. 28
World Book	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 WOR	v.11, p.348

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
The Medieval Knight Knights and Armor Arms and Armor in the Late Middle Ages

Lord

mbobrosky — Tue, 15 Jan 2008 22:43:18 CST

knight	military	nobility	armor	warfare
chavalier	tournament	chivalry	knight training	knighthood
army	joust	heraldry	crusades	knight service

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.7, p.276-279
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
Medieval England	Reference	REF 942 MED	p. 395
Medieval Life	Daily Life	940.1 Lan	p. 28
World Book	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 WOR	v.11, p.348

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
The Medieval Knight Knights and Armor Arms and Armor in the Late Middle Ages

Lady

mbobrosky — Tue, 15 Jan 2008 22:41:56 CST

knight	military	nobility	armor	warfare
chavalier	tournament	chivalry	knight training	knighthood
army	joust	heraldry	crusades	knight service

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.7, p.276-279
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
Medieval England	Reference	REF 942 MED	p. 395
Medieval Life	Daily Life	940.1 Lan	p. 28
World Book	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 WOR	v.11, p.348

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
The Medieval Knight Knights and Armor Arms and Armor in the Late Middle Ages

Farmer

mbobrosky — Tue, 15 Jan 2008 22:40:21 CST

knight	military	nobility	armor	warfare
chavalier	tournament	chivalry	knight training	knighthood
army	joust	heraldry	crusades	knight service

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.7, p.276-279
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
Medieval England	Reference	REF 942 MED	p. 395
Medieval Life	Daily Life	940.1 Lan	p. 28
World Book	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 WOR	v.11, p.348

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
The Medieval Knight Knights and Armor Arms and Armor in the Late Middle Ages

Calligrapher

mbobrosky — Tue, 15 Jan 2008 21:50:15 CST

knight	military	nobility	armor	warfare
chavalier	tournament	chivalry	knight training	knighthood
army	joust	heraldry	crusades	knight service

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.7, p.276-279
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
Medieval England	Reference	REF 942 MED	p. 395
Medieval Life	Daily Life	940.1 Lan	p. 28
World Book	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 WOR	v.11, p.348

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
The Medieval Knight Knights and Armor Arms and Armor in the Late Middle Ages

Builder

mbobrosky — Tue, 15 Jan 2008 21:49:10 CST

knight	military	nobility	armor	warfare
chavalier	tournament	chivalry	knight training	knighthood
army	joust	heraldry	crusades	knight service

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.7, p.276-279
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
Medieval England	Reference	REF 942 MED	p. 395
Medieval Life	Daily Life	940.1 Lan	p. 28
World Book	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 WOR	v.11, p.348

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
The Medieval Knight Knights and Armor Arms and Armor in the Late Middle Ages

Jeweler

mbobrosky — Wed, 28 Nov 2007 23:37:35 CST

Role Description____________________________________

A jeweler is a person who created jewelry. Jewelers were craftsmen and would include goldsmiths. Jewelers also refers to those responsible for the sale and trade of jewelry. Jewelry was created mostly for the noble and royalty. You will want to research metals, such as gold and silver, gemstones, design, manufacture and types of jewelry worn.

Keywords______________________________________________________

gems	adornment	rings	jewelry
dress	cloisonné	brooch	goldsmith
silver	enamel	clothing	jewels

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.5, p.375
The Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 MID	v.2, p.147
World Eras: Midieval Europe	Reference	REF 940.1 MED
Daily Life in Chauser's England	Daily Life	942.03 SIN
Encyclopaedia Britannica	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 ENC	v.17, p.516

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Medieval Jewelry http://www.ceu.hu/medstud/manual/SRM/jewel1.htm

Elizabethan Jewelry http://www.directcon.net/wander/lizjewel.htm

Medieval Brooch http://www.pcpolyzine.com/o2o2feb/brooch.html

Knight

mbobrosky — Wed, 28 Nov 2007 23:09:17 CST

knight	military	nobility	armor	warfare
chavalier	tournament	chivalry	knight training	knighthood
army	joust	heraldry	crusades	knight service

Print Resources_________________________________________________

Title	Location	Call Number	Pages
Dictionary of the Middle Ages	Reference	REF 940.1 DIC	v.7, p.276-279
Encyclopedia of the Medieval World	Reference	REF 940.1 ENC	v.1, p. 427
Medieval England	Reference	REF 942 MED	p. 395
Medieval Life	Daily Life	940.1 Lan	p. 28
World Book	Encyclopedia Case	REF o31 WOR	v.11, p.348

Web Resources__________________________________________________

Suggested Databases:
Thomson Gale: Student Resource Center Gold; History Resource Center-World

Web Sites:
The Medieval Knight Knights and Armor Arms and Armor in the Late Middle Ages